Shape and structure of submarines, mobile torpedoes, or explosive carriers



R. N. PERLEY. SHAPE AND STRUCIURE 0F SUBMARINES, MOBILE TORPEDOES, OR EXPLOSIVE CARRIERS.

. APPLICATION FILED AUG.22I I921. 1,436,902.

Patented Nov. 28, 1922.

5 SHEETSSHEET 1.

R. N. PERLEY. SHAPE AND STRUCTURE OF SUBMARINES, MOBILE TORPEDOES, 0R EXPLOSIVE CARRIERS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.22v I921. lASGfiQE.

Patented Nov. 28, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET '2.

W/TNESS INVENTOR R. N: PERLEY.

SHAPE AND STRUCTURE 0F SUBMARINES, MOBILE TOR ES, 0R EXPLOSIVE CARRIERS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.22.

JLASQBQQ. Pa ent d Nov. 28,1922

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FIG

WITNESS INVENTOR;

R. N. PERLEY.

SHAPE AND STRUCTURE OF SUBMARINES, MOBILE TORPEDOES, 0R EXPLOSIVE CARRIERS, APPLICATION HLED AUG.22. I921.

1,436,92 Patented Nov. 28, 1922 5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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WITNESS INVENTOR:

R. N. PERLEY.

SHAPE AND STRUCTURE OF SUBMARlNES, MOBILE TORPEDOES, 0R EXPLOSIVE CARRIERS.

APPLICATION FILED Aue.22, I921.

Patented Nov. 28, 1922.

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5 SHEETS-SHED 5.

W/ TA/ES S 1,436,902 ice.

REUBEN NOEL PERLEY, F STO NEHAIVI, MASSACHUSETTS.

SHAPE AND STRUCTURE OF SUBMARINES, MOBILE TORPEDOES, OR EXPLOSIVE CARRIERS.

Application filed August 22, 1921. Serial No. 494,243.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, REUBEN Noun PERLEY, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Stoneham, in the county of Mid dlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Shape and Structure of Submarines, Mobile Torpedoes, or Explosive Carriers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates in general to a certain new and useful improvement in the shape and structure of submarines, mobile torpedoes, or explosive carriers, and more particularly to the combination of a main hull or spindle of any suitable shape which is entirely submerged and surmounted by a hydroplane float or vane to which itis connected by a streamline superstructur The main hull when in its best operative position is located at a predetermined distance beneath the surface of the water and contains, or may contain, the usual engines and propelling and auxiliary mechanisms, personnel, fuel, ballast, explosive, fixtures, accessories, and supplies. The streamlined connecting superstructure may contain com panion ways, ducts for the air supply of the power plant or for ventilation of the inte rior of the hull, or ducts to provide outlet for the exhaust gases. The hydroplane float or vane which is on or near the water surface may contain suitable air inlets, airwater separators, control and observation compartments or all of these features and others.

It is necessary for such vessels as mentioned above, to be able to maintain a straight course, not unduly disturbed by exterior forces so that while subject to their 40 own forces of propulsion they will follow a constant rectilinear course on the axis of the vessel, or in other words there must exist an equilibrium of intensity and direction between the resisting forces of the water and the force of propulsion. It is well known in naval architecture that this equilibrium is best obtained in the case when the resultant of the resistance of the water meets with the resultant of the forces of propulsion 5O much to the stern of the line which unites the center of gravity with the center of buoyancy. To obtain this object torpedoes and submarines, and other submersibles, having spindle shape and other hulls, have been provided at their extreme stern with horizontal surfaces which in the case of the boat tending to deviate from the direction of course tend to automatically right her by creating strong resistance at the stern to this deviation. I 1

It is well known in naval architecture that the length-draft-ratio is the quotient of the length in feet, divided by the draft in feet. It is also well known'in naval architecture that the speed-length-ratio is the quotient of the speed in knots divided by the square root of the length in feet.

It is well known in naval architecture that there is a'certain practical limit in the ratio of the length to the maximum diameter of such a spindle below which the spindle becomes unstable directionally. Furthermore, as is well known, there exist practical limits as to the ratio of the speed of propulsion of such a craft to the square root of it length, beyond which it has heretofore been impossible to go without unstability.

Furthermore, it is well known in naval architecture that at a range of speed length ratios, generally between 1.2 and 2, the

stern of a submergedspindle near the surface shows a marked tendency to rise and the bow a marked tendency to depress as a result of the streamline forces of the water wave generated by the shape itself.

It is an object of my invention to provide means whereby the above mentioned normal limits maybe greatly exceeded in the design of the spindle and the velocity which it is to obtain, by providing the necessary spindle or hull, and mounting upon thesame, by suitable connecting superstructure, a hydroplane float or vane. This hydroplanefloat or vane is adapted to act to assist in maintaining the main hull at a fixed average depth below the water surface. The resultant depth regulation, or proximity to the surface, is inherent to the shape in the design of the spindle and superstructure and their relative positions, and may be desired for the purposes of observation, assurance of air supply, safety or for other purposes, in addition to that of maintaining the main hull directionally stable.

This invention relates more particularly to the shape, extent and design of the hydroplane or vane which may contain enough reserve buoyancy so distributed longitudinally and laterally, either by itself or in conjunction with other superstructures and 'moments to restrict within safe limits the tendency to dive;. the division between moderate and high speeds to be considered as those points at which static forces, such as gravity and the force of buoyancy, give way in relative importance to the streamline or dynamic forces at speeds ordinarily referred to as planing speeds.

More specifically this invention relates to an essentially submerged structure designed to meet the conditions of deep draft with short length or of high speed with short lengtlnas mentioned above, or to length draft ratios smaller than 6 for example and to speed length ratios greaterthan 1.2, and more specifically as to those two abnormal characteristics taken together. In its specific form this connecting superstructure is to be streamlined and is adapted to have horizontal sections patterned after the U. S. Navy Standard Strut Section and in its best form spreads at its base for the advantage of strength where it is attached to the main hull. The upper portion of the connecting superstructure blends into the shape of the hydroplane or vanes, so that the blunt nose of the superstructure is provided with a sharper entrance in the vicinity of the load water line.

Various other objects of my invention will appear in the accompanying specification and claims and will be disclosed in the ac companying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation in perspective ofmy device;

Figure 2 is an enlarged elevation of the fore part of the device showing in detail the superstructure and the hydroplane float;

Figure 3 is a front elevation of my device; and

Figure at is a characteristic attitude chart showing movements of bow and stern of model, and shows clearly the positions between speed length ratios 1 and 2 of my device.

V Figure 5 is a characteristic attitude chart showing vertical movements of how and stern of models lacking certain special features which my device provide and is shown forv contrast.

Referring to the drawings in detail, A is the main hull. or spindle, of any suitable shape, preferably that of the usual streampressing.-

provided with surfaces inclininglaterally and forwardly in such a way as to provide,

C and the spindle A. The hydroplane float C is designed to provide suitable buoyancy by reason of its act on as a float and is to be so designed from a structural point of view as to provide a planing effect on the surface of the water, through which the spindleis moving, in the eventuality of the bow de G, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, is

the maximum stabilizing efi'ec't against any tendency of the spindle toward lateral movement or longitudinal or directional variation as in the case of diving and the like.

The hydroplane float C is provided, as shown, with a sharp entering ed e for cute ting the water as necessary. he superstructure B is so designed that its surface will, without any abrupt angles, effect the configuration of the base of the hydroplane float. The lower portion of the superstructureB is widened somewhat at the base,- and is adapted also to be provided with a portion which approaches the configuration of the spindle without any abrupt angles.

If desired, additional minor superstructure and floats, such as B and C, may be provided without de )arting from the spirit of my invention. Tie hydroplane, or vane, if desired, need not provide reserve buoy ancy.

Figure 2 shows an enlargement of the hydroplane float showing the overhanging or bearing surface of the hydroplane with a range of longitudinal slopes or inclinations from the horizontal covering all suitable angles, thus providing a favorable angle to the water surface-for producing lifting forces where the craft is inclined at an angle of pitch, the lateral slope or overhanging being sufficient to prevent excessive pounding of the waves and providing adequate lateral righting means to prevent undue transverse inclination, the sharp wedge bow providing a sharp entrance in order to divide the water as the hydroplane passes through.-

It has been discovered that the optimum depth of operation of such devices as is herein disclosed is not less than that of one half the diameter of the spindle. Numerousexperiments embodying my invention, as shown with this provision, makes possible speed length ratios above 1.2 and length .draft ratios much lower than 6. Numerous shapes, essentially submerged, proved instable under test conditions between speed length ratios of 1.2 and 2 as shown in the chart maximum.

I claim:

1. A marine structure comprising in combination a submerged main hull, a streamline superstructure surmounting the hull and a hydroplane float constituting a continuation of the superstructure and shaped to produce righting moments of sufficient intensity to counteract the dynamic forces effective at planing speeds.

2. A marine structure comprising in combination a submerged hull and a surmounting streamline superstructure terminating in a hydroplane float the water contacting surfaces of the float being in such angular relation with respect to the surface of the water as to produce righting moments of sufficient intensity to counteract the dynamic forces effective at planing speeds.

3. A marine structure comprising in combination a submerged hull and a streamline superstructure surmounting the hull and terminating in a surface hydroplane float, the latter projecting above water level and having its water contacting surfaces in such angular relation with respect to the water surface as to produce righting moments of sufficient intensity to counteract the dynamic forces effective at planing speeds.

4:. A marine structure comprising in combination a submerged hull, a streamline superstructure surmounting the hull and terminating in a partially submerged hydroplane float, having overhanging surfaces at such angular relation with respect to the water surface as to produce righting moments of sufficient intensity to counteract the dynamic forces effective at planing speeds.

5. A marine structure comprising in combination a submerged hull, a streamline superstructure surmounting the hull and terminating in a partially submerged hydroplane float. the latter having overhanging water bearing surfaces of such lateral and longitudinal inclination as to produce righting moments of sufficient intensity to counteract the dynamic forces effective at planing speeds.

6. A marine structure comprising in combination a submerged hull, asurmounting streamline structure and a hydroplane float, the lines of the streamline structure merging into those of the hull and float, said float having overhanging surfaces, so inclined with respect to the surface of the Water as to produce at planing speeds righting moments of sufficient intensity to overcome the dynamic forces effective at such speeds.

7; A marine structure comprising a submerged hull, a surmounting streamline superstructure and a hydroplane float integral with the superstructure, the lines of the superstructure merging into those of the float and hull, said float being formed with over hanging surfaces so inclined with respect to the surface of the water as to produce at planing speeds righting moments of Sufli cient intensity to counteract the dynamic forces eflective at such speeds.

8. A marine structure comprising in combination a hull, submerged to a predetermined depth, a streamline superstructure surmounting the hull and a hydroplane float integral with the superstructure and projecting well above water level, the lines of the superstructure merging into those of the float and hull, said float having overhanging surfaces, so inclined with respect to the surface of the water as to produce at planing speed righting moments of sufficient intensity to neutralize the dynamic forces effective at such speed.

9. A marine structure comprising in combination a submerged hull, a streamline superstructure surmounting the hull and terminating in a hydroplane float, the lines of the superstructure merging into those of the float and hull, said float having overhanging surfaces of such longitudinal and lateral inclination as to produce at high speeds righting moments of sufflcient intensity to counteract the dynamic forces effective at such speeds.

10. A marine structure comprising in combination, a submerged hull, and a surmount ing streamline superstructure terminating in a partially submerged hydroplane float, the lines of the superstructure merging into those of the float and hull, said float having overhanging water bearing surfaces of such longitudinal and lateral inclination, or ranges of inclinations, as to produce at high speeds righting moments of sufficient intensity to counteract the dynamic forces effective at such speeds.

11. A marine structure comprising in combination, a hull submerged to a predetermined depth, a streamline superstructure surmounting the hull and terminating in a hydroplane float, the latter projecting well above water level, the lines of the superstructure merging into those of the float and hull, said float being formed to provide a favorable angle to the Water surface to pro-., duce at high speeds righting moments of sufficient intensity to counteract the dynamic forces effective at such speeds.

12-. A marine structure comprising in combination a submerged hull, a streamline superstructure surmounting the hull and terminating in a hydroplane float, which under normal conditions is disposed almost entirely above Water level, the lines of said superstructure merging into those of the float and hull, said float having overhanging surfaces of such inclination, transverse and longitudinal as to produce at planing speeds righting moments of sufficient intensity to neutralize the dynamic forces effective at such speeds.

13. A marine structure comprising in combination a submerged hull, a surmounting streamline superstructure terminating in a hydroplane float, the latter, under normal conditions, being almost entirely above Water level, said float having overhanging surfaces sloped with respect to the surface of the Water to produce at planing speeds righting moments of sufficient intensity to neutralize the dynamic forces effective at such speeds.

14. A marine structure comprising in combination a submerged hull, streamline super; structures surmounting the extremities of the hull and terminating in a partially submerged hydroplane float, the floats having overhanging surfaces inclined at a favorable angle with respect to the surface of the water to produce at high speeds righting moments of sufficient intensity to neutralize the dynamic forces effective at such speeds.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

REUBEN NOEL PERLEY. 

